Fundamentals of Ecucation

6.4 School Sector Reform Plan (SSRP) to Post-SSRP (2009-2015)  School Sector Reform Program (SSRP) aims at reforming the structure of schooling system on the basis of various experiences of different prospects and programs as well as contemporary national needs and international context. The ministry of education of Nepal prepared a concept paper to reform structure of school. As a result, a School Sector Reform Plan was introduced in 2009.  This project aimed at improving the quality of education, restructuring the schooling system and making the education competitive with global context.  In fact, all member countries of the United Nations are committed to Universal primary education as one major Millennium Development Goal (MGD).The World Education Forum held in Dakar, Senegal in April 2000 adopted a holistic concept of educational development declaring Education for all (EFA) to achieve by participating countries by 2015. As a signatory member country of the forum, Nepal has a

National Educational System Plan 1971-1975(2028-2031 BS)  However educational plan started to construct from 2004 BS in Nepal, it got formal significance from Nepal National Education Plan Commission 2011 BS. After this, all Round Education Committee 2013 BS, Wood and Burno Commission 2019, National Education Advisory Council 2024 BS. Consequently, King Mahedra declared the National Educational System Plan on Baisakh 1, 2028 BS. At first, it was implemented in Chitwan and Kaski Districts as an experimental phase. After, it was implemented all districts of Nepal in 13, 15, 20 and 25 districts, respectively in second, third, fourth and fifth phases till 2032 BS, So it is regarded as the National Education System Plan 2028- 2032.  NESP 2028 brought a revolutionary step in the educational system of Nepal. It was a great change from the traditional educational system because it was the first and last refined educational plan implemented in Nepal so far. It included all of the aspects t

Post Democratic period ( 2007 to 2027 BS) Nepal National Education Planning Commission 1954 (NNEPC, 2011 BS) 'Nepal Education Board' was formed under the presidency of Rudra Raj Pandey in 2009 BS. NNEPC was organized with 46 member from diverse fields related to education. American Professor HB Wood was appointed as an advisor. This commission prepared its report under the title 'Education in Nepal'. In Falgun 16, 2011 BS this commission submitted it to the government of Nepal. The recommendation and suggestions of this commission: Educational Goals 1.  Education will be nationwide: Eradicate illiteracy from the country within 25 year 2.  Education will be national: The commission recommended to call this planning as Nepal National 3.  Education Planning, new schools as national schools, new curriculum as national curriculum etc. 4.  Education will be free of cost: 5.  Tenure of education will be different: Tenure of education will range from six month to 17 y

VI. Shaping and Reshaping Educational Development in Nepal  The history of all hither to existing human civilization is the history of education and learning. The history of education can necessarily be traced out with the history of human civilization. Human civilization does not go ahead without education. It is obviously learning that makes human being take a long and glorious journey from the Stone Age to the present computerized-digital world.  The development of science and technology and explosion of knowledge that has begun from 18th century lead the history of education to new dimension. Now, education goes on developing by sweeping away the obstacles and hindrances on the way to its never ending destination.  Based on the nature of educational development, the history of education in Nepal can be classified into the following three periods: 1.  Pre-democratic period (before 2007 BS)        i.  Period of Indigenous Education (before 1825 BS)             Ancient Vedic

4.4 Social interaction Social interaction is all types of action and reactions that take place between the individuals and groups of a society and through which they influence others' behavior and also modify ones' behavior. It is a two polar process in which a person acts both as stimulant and respondent. As a stimulant he or she affects other's behavior and as a respondent, he is affected by other's behavior. In this process, the people involved in social interaction influence each other's behavior. It is the process by which a person learns social behavior. A person is socialized in his or her society through social interactions. Social interaction is a relationship between individuals and groups, which modifies the behavior of the people participating in it. Children learn the cultural pattern of society by social interaction. Socialization is also a result of social interaction.  'Social contact' and 'Exchange of ideas' are the necessary

Agencies of Socialization  A society consists of a variety of groups with their various aims and interests. All of such groups directly or indirectly contribute to educate the individuals in one way or the other. Agencies of education are the means for socialization because it is education that accelerates socialization of the people.  Different social groups activate in the society as agencies of education which ultimately contribute to educate them, and to socialize through education. Agencies of the education are the sources of education such as schools, collages, family, society, state, library, media and different social institutions. Such agencies of education take responsibility of educating and socializing the individuals, reconstructing and developing the society, preserving, transmitting and developing cultural heritages. Classification of agencies of Education in Socialization Active agencies  The agencies which actively participate in educating and socializing proc

4.2 Socialization as a base Concept  Socialization is a process of interacting among individuals and other social phenomena. Socialization is a process through which individuals learn social norms and values, culture, ideas beliefs and traditions. Socialization enables individuals to adjust with the society.  Human beings are social animals; they take birth, live and die in society. The existence of an individual person cannot be imagined outside of society. The existence of an individual person cannot be imagined outside of society. Society is an aggregate of individuals having a common culture, values and feeling of unity. All these cultures, values and feeling of unity are the products of their struggle for existence. This struggle becomes successful because of their collective efforts, in which all the people play different roles in society in the process of socialization. This relation should be continued not only for benefit or the society but also for the individuals; ther

Unit IV: Sociological perspectives on Education Sociology  The word sociology has been derived from two words 'Socio' and 'Logy'. 'Socio' stands for society whereas 'Logy' refers to study or science. Thus, etymologically, sociology means scientific study of society.  Sociology aims to studying society using various empirical investigation and critical analysis. It concentrates on human social activity. It is the scientific study of dynamic process of interactions of human being with the various social aspects. Definitions of Sociology 'Sociology is the science of society.' - Auguste Comte 'Sociology is the study of different forms of human interactions.' -Max Weber 'Sociology is the scientific study of the process of interaction of persons and patterns in relation to biological, psychological and cultural influences.' - Herbert Spencer 4.1 Relationship between sociology and education Educational Sociology  To vie

Questions 1. Explain the need of philosophy for teachers. Explain the function of philosophy with examples. 2. Describe the relationship between philosophy and education. 3. Compare and contrast the aim of education in different philosophies. 4. Describe the curriculum pattern of different philosophies. 5. Describe the role of teacher according to different philosophies. 6. Explain the educational process of different philosophies. 7. Discuss the features of pragmatism. 8. Critically examine the fundamental principles of pragmatism and discuss its educational implication. 9. Explain the fundamental principles of pragmatic education. 10. Explain with examples the roles of teacher and student according to idealistic and pragmatic education. 11. Explain with examples the educative process implemented according to pragmatic education. 12. Enlist the aim of education according to realistic philosophy. 13. Compare and contrast between realistic and pragmatist phi

3.4 Implications of schools of philosophy for classroom teachers Teachers are mentors and play an active role in inculcating independent thinking in students. However, to do that as a teacher, you must have a teaching philosophy of your own. Students always look up to their teacher and therefore, it becomes necessary for you to have thoughts to inspire them. Here are specific reasons why you should Study Philosophy of Education if you are a teacher. Helps to decipher the path of learning Teaching philosophy has been defined as the map, which provides directions to move ahead. One may feel lost without a map. In the same way, you are going to be missed while teaching if a specific path is not decided. Hence, a map is always needed to make informed movements. It is not possible to make students learn something until the teacher knows why and how he/she wants to teach. Once you know your path, you will be helping your students to plan to reach their destinations. Affects the Society